Identification of aldehyde functional group

Aim: To identify the functional group present in an organic compound.

Preliminary test:

(i) Physical State	Liquid
(ii) Colour	Colourless
(iii) Odour	Pungent
(iv) Solubility in water	Soluble

Chemical Test:

S.No.	Experiment	Observation	Inference
1	Test for Unsaturation Dissolve 0.2 mL of organic compound in 2 mL CCl4. Then added bromine water dropwise.	Brown colour of bromine not discharged	Unsaturation is not present
2	Litmus Test: Put a drop of an aqueous solution of the original substance on a piece of blue & red litmus paper	No reaction	Organic substance is neutral in nature.
3	Flame Test: Touch the organic substance on copper wire and ignite it	Non-sooty flame is produced	Compound is aliphatic
4	Functional Group Analysis:        (i) Organic substance +             2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (ii) Organic substance + Tollen reagent + heat (iii) Organic substance + Fehling solution + heat (iv) organic compound + Schiff’s reagent	Yellow ppt produced Silver mirror is produced Red ppt is produced Pink solution is produced	Carbonyl group is present  Aldehyde group may be present  Aldehyde group is present Aldehyde group is confirmed

                             

Result: The given organic compound contains the Aldehyde functional group.